Aberfan 57th anniversary: The story of the coal-mining tragedy

Every year, the UK - and especially the Welsh - pay tribute to the victims and the community of Aberfan
The victims of the Aberfan Disaster are remembered every year on October 21
Christopher Furlong/Getty Images
Seren Morris21 October 2022

October 21, 2023, marks the 57th anniversary of the Aberfan Disaster of 1966, which killed 116 children and 28 adults in a village in South Wales.

The Aberfan tragedy was one of the UK’s worst coal-mining disasters in history and killed almost an entire generation of the village’s youth.

Every year, the people of Wales and the UK pay tribute to the victims and the community of Aberfan on the anniversary of the disaster.

Learn about the story of the Aberfan Disaster and its aftermath below.

What was the Aberfan Disaster?

Aberfan is a village near Merthyr Tydfil, in South Wales.

Its colliery opened in 1869, but by 1916 it had run out of space to dump waste on the valley floor. The colliery then began tipping its waste on the mountainside above the village.

The Aberfan Disaster occurred on October 21, 1966, when the children of Pantglas Primary School were just settling into their classrooms.

Around 9.15 am, 140,000 cubic yards of coal waste came pouring down the mountainside.

More than 140 people were killed when the coal tip collapsed
Keystone/Getty Images

The avalanche smothered the primary school as well as nearby houses and the nearby secondary school, killing more than 140 people, most of them children.

Jeff Edwards, a survivor of the disaster who was just eight years old at the time, recalled the traumatic experience in an interview with the BBC.

He said: ”I remember waking up with all this material that had come from the other side of the room on top of me.

“All this material was over me, and all these screams and shouts, but the lasting memory for me was the young girl’s head on my shoulder...

"When I think of the disaster, that [image] was going to cause problems for many years to come.”

The Queen met with Aberfan Disaster survivor Jeff Edwards, who was just eight at the time
Arthur Edwards/WPA Pool/Getty Images

Another survivor, Gaynor Madgwick, who lost her brother and sister in the disaster, told the BBC: “I never remember the slurry hitting me.

“When I woke up, I’d been catapulted to the back of the classroom. I just remember looking around; desks, chairs, mud, slurry.

“I just lay there, I wasn’t screaming, I was in shock.”

The avalanche is thought to have happened due to a build-up of water at the colliery’s spoil tips.

Despite Aberfan’s town council expressing their concerns about the spoil tips years before, following a non-lethal accident, the National Coal Board failed to take action, and a national inquiry found them guilty of extreme negligence.

The aftermath of the Aberfan Disaster

The disaster garnered widespread attention across the UK. Prince Philip, Lord Snowdon, and the then-prime minister Harold Wilson were among those who visited the village the following day.

The Queen visited Aberfan eight days later, shortly after the village had held a mass funeral for the victims, which attracted some criticism.

However, many Aberfan community members were glad the Queen waited, as visiting any sooner might have added to the confusion.

The Queen, who had two young children at the time, was said to have been deeply moved by the tragedy. She visited the village a number of times over the years, throughout her reign.

In response to the disaster, The Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969 was passed, providing guidance on ensuring the safety of spoil tips. It has since been replaced by the Mines Regulations Act 2014.

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